شاطئ الأمان
20-12-04, 10:30
:salam:
:bsm:
:n8: :n8:
[فقط الأعضاء المسجلين والمفعلين يمكنهم رؤية الوصلات]
Summer Night Lights
by Genny Fannucchi
Lightning bugs....Have you ever wondered about the small, blinking creatures that light up summer nights? Lightning bugs, also called fireflies, are not simply bugs and are not flies. They are beetles and part of a scientific family that contains the largest order of living things—290,000 species at last count. In fact, there are about 136 different species of fireflies illuminating earth’s summer nights.
Fireflies are easy to locate. Go outside at different times during the evening and watch for small twinkling lights in the air. Good places to find fireflies are over meadows or lawns and at the edge of woods or streams. Fireflies are carnivorous. They eat other insects, small animals in the soil, and snails. Fireflies overwinter as larvae buried in the soil and emerge in the spring to feed. In summer, they pupate for about 2½ weeks within a small earthen cell before emerging as adults. The adult fireflies signal each other with their lights and mate. The female’s eggs are laid a few days after mating, on or slightly under soil. The eggs hatch in 4 weeks. The larvae, once hatched, begin to feed until fall. They burrow underground and overwinter.
The summer evening light shows that you see are performed by male fireflies. They flash patterns of light to females. The females signal in response from perches in or near the ground. When the male sees the female’s flash he continues to signal and moves closer. Eventually, through a series of flashes, they find each other and mate. Each species of firefly sends different mating signals. In fact, a beetle specialist or a keen observer can recognize most species by the number, duration, and time lapses between flashes.
The male firefly of the species Photinus pyralis, beams a single half-flash during a forward rising flight movement. It looks like the letter "J." The female responds with a single flash. Another species, Photinus consumilis, signals his mate with a rapid succession of flashes. She responds with two beams. In general, males will not fly down to a female that sends the wrong species signal. But, some females of differing species have evolved the ability to mimic the response flashes of species other than their own. As the male flies down to a mimicking female, he is captured and eaten, gulp!
The light given off by fireflies during their abdominal flashes is called bioluminescence. It happens when oxygen and the organic compound luciferin react together in the presence of the enzyme, lucifereace. This creates light. Although other insects can produce light, fireflies are the only insects that can flash their light on and off in distinct signals. Even the eggs and larvae of some firefly species glow. That’s where the name "glow worm" comes from.
Fun on a Mid-summer’s Night
Here’s a way for you to learn about your local fireflies.
1. Gently catch and observe lightning bugs in a jar. Make sure that air is provided for the fireflies. Get an adult to help you punch air holes in your container.
2. Observe the flashing in the jar. Count the number of flashes, how long they last, and the time between flashes. Do this for 5 minutes. Record your data.
3. Return to your capture site and gently release your insects. Wait 1 hour and return to your site. Recapture fireflies and repeat your observations. If you notice a different flashing sequence, you probably have a different species.
Books about Fireflies
If you’d like to learn more about fireflies, check out the following books.
Fireflies by Sylvia Johnson. Photographs by Satoshi Kuribayaski. 1986. A Lerner Natural Science Book. Publisher: Lerner Publications Company, Minneapolis, MN.
Fireflies by Bernice Kohn. 1966. Publisher: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
:hussh:
وهذه معلومات من موقع آخر :marsa128:
Firefly or Lightning Bug
Photinus pyralis More Printouts
The Pyralis firefly (also known as the lightning bug) is a common firefly in North America. This partly nocturnal, luminescent beetle is the most common firefly in the USA.
The Firefly's Glow: At night, the very end (the last abdominal segment) of the firefly glows a bright yellow-green color. The firefly can control this glowing effect. The brightness of a single firefly is 1/40 of a candle. Fireflies use their glow to attract other fireflies. Males flash about every five seconds; females flash about every two seconds. This firefly is harvested by the biochemical industry for the organic compunds luciferin (which is the chemical the firefly uses for its bioluminescence).
Anatomy: This flying insect is about 0.75 inch (2 cm) long. It is mostly black, with two red spots on the head cover; the wing covers and head covers are lined in yellow. Like all insects, it has a hard exoskeleton, six jointed legs, two antennae, compound eyes, and a body divided into three parts (the head, thorax, and abdomen).
Diet: Both the adults and the larvae are carnivores (meat-eaters). They eat other insects (including other fireflies), insect larvae, and snails.
Classification: Order Coleoptera, Family Lampyridae, Genus Photinus, Species P. pyralis.
:hussh:
وهذه من موقع ثالث
[فقط الأعضاء المسجلين والمفعلين يمكنهم رؤية الوصلات]
LIGHTNING BUGS
CLASSIFICATION:
Lightning Bugs are the same as Fireflies. They are members of a particular family of the Beetle Order. The Firefly Family is technically known as the Lampyridae.
Careful...
It's spelled lightning, not lightening...
Lightning Bugs are beetles. They can't be "flies" as their name suggests, since "flies" are members of the Fly Order. Glow-worms, which produce light similar to Lightning Bugs', also are beetles, but they belong to a different, though closely related, family, the Phengodidae. There are many Lightning Bug species.
WHY DO LIGHTNING BUGS FLASH?
Flashing Lightning Bugs are trying to attract mates. Among most but not all species of North American Lightning Bugs, males fly about flashing while females perch on vegetation, usually near the ground. If the female sees a flasher she likes, she responds by flashing right after the male's last flash. A short flash dialogue takes place as the male flies closer and closer, and then, if all goes well, they mate.
Adult firefly. Light emanates from
the rear end, or abdomen, showing up as bright yellow in the picture
© Greg Scott
So that a flasher doesn't attract a firefly of a different species, each Lightning Bug species has its own specific flash pattern. Flash patterns range from continuous glows to single flashes, to series of multi-pulsed flashes.
Among some species both males and females flash, but among others only the members of one sex do it. Some Lightning Bug species don't flash at all. All known firefly larvae, which are wingless and mostly live on the ground and under bark, produce light. If you see only a glow on the ground, it can be tricky deciding whether you're seeing a firefly larva, a glow-worm, or some other luminescent insect.
To learn more about how Lightning Bugs make their light, visit the Bioluminescence Web Site.
WHAT DO LIGHTNING BUGS EAT?
Lightning Bug larva
© Greg Scott
Lightning Bug larvae live on the ground, under bark, and in moist swampy places. They eat earthworms, snails and slugs, plus they may scavenge certain small dead animals and other organic material . They have been seen following slime trails to their victims. Lightning Bug larvae, one of which is shown at the right, have sickle-shaped mandibles with which they can inject a kind of chemical that paralyzes their prey and helps digest it. Several larvae have been seen attacking large prey together.
Adult Lightning Bugs, who can live for several months, probably feed on plant nectar. A few adult Lightning Bug species practice an especially tricky kind of cannibalism. Already-mated females emit flashes similar to the female responses to male Lightning Bugs of other species. When the male of the other species lands, the female emitting the false flash patterns pounces upon the poor male and eats him!
سبب نقلي لهذا الموضوع إني لما كنت في أمريكا في شهر إيبريل وكنت في رحلة وعتمت الدنيا سرت أشوف بس أضواء تضوي وتطفي فسألت طلعت حشرات سبحان الله مؤخرتها تضوي اللون الفوسفوري أو الأصفر وشفتها بعيني مرة بالنهار ومسكت إحداها وحبيت أنقل الموضوع بس ما لئيت المعلومات عنه إلا بالإنجليزي
وحبيت إنكم تشاركوني هاي المعلومات الحلوة والرائعة :75:
أتمنى أن لا أكون قد أطلت عليكم :marsa128:
أتمنى أن أرى أرائكم بعد قرائته وشكرا :marsa196:
وإذا ما عجبكم أنا حكون في قائمة :marsa169: أو :57:
:107: :107: :107:
:bsm:
:n8: :n8:
[فقط الأعضاء المسجلين والمفعلين يمكنهم رؤية الوصلات]
Summer Night Lights
by Genny Fannucchi
Lightning bugs....Have you ever wondered about the small, blinking creatures that light up summer nights? Lightning bugs, also called fireflies, are not simply bugs and are not flies. They are beetles and part of a scientific family that contains the largest order of living things—290,000 species at last count. In fact, there are about 136 different species of fireflies illuminating earth’s summer nights.
Fireflies are easy to locate. Go outside at different times during the evening and watch for small twinkling lights in the air. Good places to find fireflies are over meadows or lawns and at the edge of woods or streams. Fireflies are carnivorous. They eat other insects, small animals in the soil, and snails. Fireflies overwinter as larvae buried in the soil and emerge in the spring to feed. In summer, they pupate for about 2½ weeks within a small earthen cell before emerging as adults. The adult fireflies signal each other with their lights and mate. The female’s eggs are laid a few days after mating, on or slightly under soil. The eggs hatch in 4 weeks. The larvae, once hatched, begin to feed until fall. They burrow underground and overwinter.
The summer evening light shows that you see are performed by male fireflies. They flash patterns of light to females. The females signal in response from perches in or near the ground. When the male sees the female’s flash he continues to signal and moves closer. Eventually, through a series of flashes, they find each other and mate. Each species of firefly sends different mating signals. In fact, a beetle specialist or a keen observer can recognize most species by the number, duration, and time lapses between flashes.
The male firefly of the species Photinus pyralis, beams a single half-flash during a forward rising flight movement. It looks like the letter "J." The female responds with a single flash. Another species, Photinus consumilis, signals his mate with a rapid succession of flashes. She responds with two beams. In general, males will not fly down to a female that sends the wrong species signal. But, some females of differing species have evolved the ability to mimic the response flashes of species other than their own. As the male flies down to a mimicking female, he is captured and eaten, gulp!
The light given off by fireflies during their abdominal flashes is called bioluminescence. It happens when oxygen and the organic compound luciferin react together in the presence of the enzyme, lucifereace. This creates light. Although other insects can produce light, fireflies are the only insects that can flash their light on and off in distinct signals. Even the eggs and larvae of some firefly species glow. That’s where the name "glow worm" comes from.
Fun on a Mid-summer’s Night
Here’s a way for you to learn about your local fireflies.
1. Gently catch and observe lightning bugs in a jar. Make sure that air is provided for the fireflies. Get an adult to help you punch air holes in your container.
2. Observe the flashing in the jar. Count the number of flashes, how long they last, and the time between flashes. Do this for 5 minutes. Record your data.
3. Return to your capture site and gently release your insects. Wait 1 hour and return to your site. Recapture fireflies and repeat your observations. If you notice a different flashing sequence, you probably have a different species.
Books about Fireflies
If you’d like to learn more about fireflies, check out the following books.
Fireflies by Sylvia Johnson. Photographs by Satoshi Kuribayaski. 1986. A Lerner Natural Science Book. Publisher: Lerner Publications Company, Minneapolis, MN.
Fireflies by Bernice Kohn. 1966. Publisher: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
:hussh:
وهذه معلومات من موقع آخر :marsa128:
Firefly or Lightning Bug
Photinus pyralis More Printouts
The Pyralis firefly (also known as the lightning bug) is a common firefly in North America. This partly nocturnal, luminescent beetle is the most common firefly in the USA.
The Firefly's Glow: At night, the very end (the last abdominal segment) of the firefly glows a bright yellow-green color. The firefly can control this glowing effect. The brightness of a single firefly is 1/40 of a candle. Fireflies use their glow to attract other fireflies. Males flash about every five seconds; females flash about every two seconds. This firefly is harvested by the biochemical industry for the organic compunds luciferin (which is the chemical the firefly uses for its bioluminescence).
Anatomy: This flying insect is about 0.75 inch (2 cm) long. It is mostly black, with two red spots on the head cover; the wing covers and head covers are lined in yellow. Like all insects, it has a hard exoskeleton, six jointed legs, two antennae, compound eyes, and a body divided into three parts (the head, thorax, and abdomen).
Diet: Both the adults and the larvae are carnivores (meat-eaters). They eat other insects (including other fireflies), insect larvae, and snails.
Classification: Order Coleoptera, Family Lampyridae, Genus Photinus, Species P. pyralis.
:hussh:
وهذه من موقع ثالث
[فقط الأعضاء المسجلين والمفعلين يمكنهم رؤية الوصلات]
LIGHTNING BUGS
CLASSIFICATION:
Lightning Bugs are the same as Fireflies. They are members of a particular family of the Beetle Order. The Firefly Family is technically known as the Lampyridae.
Careful...
It's spelled lightning, not lightening...
Lightning Bugs are beetles. They can't be "flies" as their name suggests, since "flies" are members of the Fly Order. Glow-worms, which produce light similar to Lightning Bugs', also are beetles, but they belong to a different, though closely related, family, the Phengodidae. There are many Lightning Bug species.
WHY DO LIGHTNING BUGS FLASH?
Flashing Lightning Bugs are trying to attract mates. Among most but not all species of North American Lightning Bugs, males fly about flashing while females perch on vegetation, usually near the ground. If the female sees a flasher she likes, she responds by flashing right after the male's last flash. A short flash dialogue takes place as the male flies closer and closer, and then, if all goes well, they mate.
Adult firefly. Light emanates from
the rear end, or abdomen, showing up as bright yellow in the picture
© Greg Scott
So that a flasher doesn't attract a firefly of a different species, each Lightning Bug species has its own specific flash pattern. Flash patterns range from continuous glows to single flashes, to series of multi-pulsed flashes.
Among some species both males and females flash, but among others only the members of one sex do it. Some Lightning Bug species don't flash at all. All known firefly larvae, which are wingless and mostly live on the ground and under bark, produce light. If you see only a glow on the ground, it can be tricky deciding whether you're seeing a firefly larva, a glow-worm, or some other luminescent insect.
To learn more about how Lightning Bugs make their light, visit the Bioluminescence Web Site.
WHAT DO LIGHTNING BUGS EAT?
Lightning Bug larva
© Greg Scott
Lightning Bug larvae live on the ground, under bark, and in moist swampy places. They eat earthworms, snails and slugs, plus they may scavenge certain small dead animals and other organic material . They have been seen following slime trails to their victims. Lightning Bug larvae, one of which is shown at the right, have sickle-shaped mandibles with which they can inject a kind of chemical that paralyzes their prey and helps digest it. Several larvae have been seen attacking large prey together.
Adult Lightning Bugs, who can live for several months, probably feed on plant nectar. A few adult Lightning Bug species practice an especially tricky kind of cannibalism. Already-mated females emit flashes similar to the female responses to male Lightning Bugs of other species. When the male of the other species lands, the female emitting the false flash patterns pounces upon the poor male and eats him!
سبب نقلي لهذا الموضوع إني لما كنت في أمريكا في شهر إيبريل وكنت في رحلة وعتمت الدنيا سرت أشوف بس أضواء تضوي وتطفي فسألت طلعت حشرات سبحان الله مؤخرتها تضوي اللون الفوسفوري أو الأصفر وشفتها بعيني مرة بالنهار ومسكت إحداها وحبيت أنقل الموضوع بس ما لئيت المعلومات عنه إلا بالإنجليزي
وحبيت إنكم تشاركوني هاي المعلومات الحلوة والرائعة :75:
أتمنى أن لا أكون قد أطلت عليكم :marsa128:
أتمنى أن أرى أرائكم بعد قرائته وشكرا :marsa196:
وإذا ما عجبكم أنا حكون في قائمة :marsa169: أو :57:
:107: :107: :107: